BIOVIN® FRENCH RED GRAPES EXTRACT

Grape proanthocyanidins

Mitochondrial biogenesis

Upregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) [1–5]

Upregulates nuclear transcription factors of mitochondrial biogenesis (nuclear respiratory factor-1 [NRF1], NRF2, mitochondrial transcription factor A [TFAM] [2,3,6–8] 

Mitochondrial structure and function

Supports mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) [3]

Protects mitochondrial structure [4]

Protects from complex I-V inhibition [9–14]

Supports the activities of TCA cycle enzymes [13]

Supports β-oxidation [11]Upregulates the NAD+ pool [15]

Signaling pathways

Upregulates AMPK signaling [3–5,7,11,16–18]

Antioxidant defenses

Downregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and oxidative stress [4,9,10,12,14,17]

Upregulates antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) [2–5,7,9,17]

Cellular signaling

Downregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], nuclear factor kappa B [NF-κB]) [7,13,19]

Metabolism

Supports healthy insulin sensitivity [17–20]Upregulates the insulin signaling pathway [17]

Upregulates the glucose transporter GLUT4 [17,21]

Body weight

Downregulates fat accumulation and blood/liver lipid levels [1,9–11,17,19,20]

Exercise performance

Supports endurance performance [22]

Upregulates muscle mass [23]

Cognitive function 

Supports attention [24] 

Supports memory [24]

Supports working memory [24]

Supports learning and memory (in animals) [25–32]

Mood and stress response

Supports positive affect [23,24,26,33]

Supports a calm mood [23–27,29,34,35]

Downregulates stress hormone levels [26,29,34]

Brain function

Supports sleep [23]

Supports brain metabolism [23]

Upregulates BDNF levels [26,27,30,33,36,37]

Supports long-term potentiation [25,28]

Supports synaptic plasticity [30,38]

Downregulates acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity [30]

Upregulates choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity [30]

Neuroprotection

Protects from glutamate toxicity [39]

Protects neuronal mitochondrial function [2,29]

Upregulates brain Nrf2 levels [37]

Downregulates brain oxidative stress [25,27,29,31,34] 

Protects from ischemic damage [28]

Protects against neurotoxic agents [31,32]

Regulates brain cytokine signaling [31]

Cardiovascular function

Supports healthy blood pressure [23,40]

Supports vasodilation [40]

Supports endothelial progenitor cells [41]

Gut microbiota

Regulates the composition of the gut microbiota [19,42–46]

Supports gut barrier function [46–48]

Regulates gut oxidative stress [48,49]

Skin health 

Supports uniform skin pigmentation [50–52]

Protects from UV-induced skin structural changes [53]

Supports and protects dermal ECM structure [53,54] 

Supports skin Nrf2 signaling and phase II defenses [53] 

Modulates immune/cytokine signaling [55] 

Healthy aging and longevity 

Upregulates SIRT1 [2–5,15]Downregulates mTOR signaling [16]Upregulates UCP1 [1]Extends lifespan (Drosophila melanogaster) [14]

Other

Protects liver structure and function [13]

Modulates the gut microbiota composition [19]

Modulates circadian rhythms [56,57]

Synergies

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (in improving insulin sensitivity) [20]

With pomegranate fruit extract in supporting skin health [58]

Resveratrol

Mitochondrial biogenesis

Upregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) [59–66]

Upregulates nuclear transcriptional factors of mitochondrial biogenesis (nuclear respiratory factor-1 [NRF1], NRF2, mitochondrial transcription factor A [TFAM]) [60,63,65,67]

Mitochondrial structure and function

Upregulates mitochondrial size and number [60,62]

Upregulates inner mitochondrial membrane folding (cristae) [60]

Upregulates mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) [60,63,64]

Supports mitochondrial membrane potential [63]Upregulates citrate synthase [59,60]

Upregulates ATP production [63,65]Upregulates NAD+ pool [63,64,68]

Upregulates components of the electron transport chain - complex I-V [63]

Supports β-oxidation [60,66,68,69]

Signaling pathways

Upregulates AMPK signaling [59,62–66,68,70,71]

Upregulates liver kinase B1 (LKB1) signaling [63,65]

Upregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) [60]

Downregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) [66]

Supports estrogen receptor signaling [60,64,72,73]

Upregulates forkhead transcription factor O 1 (FOXO1) [66]

Inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE) 1 and 4 and activates adenylate cyclase - upregulates cAMP levels [68,74]

Antioxidant defenses

Downregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and oxidative stress [64,66–68,75–78]

Upregulates antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) [79,80]

Downregulates pro-oxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase) [79,80]

Insulin signaling

Supports healthy insulin sensitivity [59,60,62,64,71,75,81]

Body weight

Downregulates fat accumulation and blood/liver lipid levels [59,60,66]

Supports thermogenesis [60]Upregulates adiponectin levels [66]

Exercise performance

Supports endurance performance [60]

Supports muscle structure and function [63,82]

Supports glucose uptake in muscles [83]

Cardiovascular function

Supports healthy vascular function [79–81,84]

Protects cardiac function [83]

Brain function

Supports cerebral blood flow [85–88]

Neuroprotective against neurotoxic agents [76,77,89]

Supports neural stem cells [90,91]

Supports neurogenesis [90–92]

Upregulates BDNF levels [92–103]

Regulates cytokine signaling [93,95,97]

Regulates HPA axis signaling [98,103]

Neuroprotective effects [95,103–105]

Cognitive function

Supports executive function [86,106]

Supports learning and memory (animals) [99,100,102,107]

Gut microbiota

Regulates the composition of the gut microbiota [108–114]

Regulates gut microbial metabolism [111]

Modulates gut microbial gene expression [111]

Supports gut barrier function [111]

Regulates gut cytokine signaling [114]

Skin health

Supports uniform skin pigmentation [115–117]

Supports and protects dermal ECM structure [53,118,119] 

Supports skin antioxidant defenses [118–121] 

Supports skin Nrf2 signaling and phase II defenses [53,120,122] [53] 

Modulates immune/cytokine signaling [118,119,123]

Modulates skin degenerative signaling pathways (AP-1 and NF-κB) [123–127]

Protects from UV-induced skin structural changes [53] 

Protects from UV-induced damage, ROS production and oxidative stress [128–130] 

Protects from particulate matter (PM, air pollution)-induced skin damage [127,131,132] 

Protects from cigarette smoke-induced damage [133,134]

Upregulates SIRT1 expression in the skin [118,119] 

Downregulates aging biomarkers S100 A8 and S100 A9 in the skin [118,119] 

Modulates skin autophagy [135]

Healthy aging and longevity

Supports stem cells [136–148]

Supports telomerase activity [136–138,149,150]

Downregulates cell senescence [121,137,138,143,150]

Upregulates SIRT1 [59,61,63,66,67,70,151,152] [118,119] 

Upregulates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 [60,64]

Upregulates Klotho [67,152]

Downregulates mTOR signaling [62]

Delays age-related physiological changes [83]Extends lifespan (mice on high-calorie diet, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) [62,84,151,153,154]

Circadian rhythms

Modulates circadian rhythms [155–158]

Regulates clock gene expression [155,158]

Synergies

Apigenin - resveratrol is an apigenin bioenhancer [159]

Piperine as a bioenhancer [160–164] and for cognitive function [165]

Hawthorn for heart function support [166]

Inositol for metabolic health [167]

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